Macbeth Coursework Essay

Refer ring to the three main scenes that the witches appear in, write about the effect they give to the play as a whole and also how they influence Macbeth to behave as he does. Macbeth, a tragic story of how greed can corrupt the mind. Written in 1606 for King James the first, people did actually believe in witches. I my-self believe that William Shakespeare used the witches as the â€Å"fuel† for his play, I think this led to the massive success of â€Å"Macbeth†. When people thought of King James the first they may have also thought of witches. After all James did publicise his belief’s and thought in witches. He believed that they had an effect on his life. The people of his countries (England and Scotland) would have thought it was completely normal. Now a day, if someone accused someone of being a witch, the accuser would be looked upon in society as insane. The idea of witches over the years has simply dried out. In class we have watched and studied two different films based on Macbeth. One was â€Å"Macbeth on the Estate†. This was extremely different to what I expected. Produced in 1996 it’s quite a modern film. I thought it was incredible how they managed to use every word from Macbeth, (the play its-self) and fit it into a modern set. The film was filmed on an estate on Birmingham and the main characters were young street â€Å"yobs†! Personally I think it must have been a hard job for the film producers to re-film Macbeth into a modern time. Another film was just called â€Å"Macbeth† produced in 1971 it’s quite an old film. It was though exactly what I expected. It was a brilliant film and only a few features let it down. Music which I think plays a big role in films and plays because it allows us to understand the mood and feeling of the play/film. I think technology was to blame for this though! Did the witches have an effect on the audience? Yes of course did. Why? Simply because witchcraft played an big part in the lives of the people who lived during the period of the 1500’s to the 1600’s. I mean, going out to town, bowling is all normal but what about going to see the local witch been executed publicly? 300 years ago this would as normal as any of the activities above. Back then I think people were fascinated with witches. Witches held so much mystery and had a force of fear surrounding them. Of course this is what people thought, if people went to see â€Å"Macbeth† at the theatre in Leeds, obviously I don’t think people would have as much interest as people 300 years ago. There would be interest in the witches – I’m not saying the opposite, but not as much as back then. I think it would make the audience wonder how and why the people of the 1600’s lived like they did. The witches appear in three main scenes in Macbeth: Act 1 scene 1 Act 1 scene 3 Act 4 scene 1 In act 1 scene 1 they, to me, introduce the play. Although we often forget that the play is all about witchcraft, thinking about it, the witches do play an important part in Macbeth. I think when Shakespeare wrote act 1 scene 1 his intentions were to grip the audience at the very beginning. The witches do not appear to do anything in this scene it seems as if they’re there to introduce them-selves, they don’t really appear for a reason. I think it’s just to hype the audience up for the rest of the play. In act 1 scene 3 the witches tell us basically what Macbeth is about. Shakespeare grips the audience even tighter when they say: FIRST WITCH: All hail Macbeth, hail to thee Thane of Glamis. SECOND WITCH: All hail Macbeth, hail to thee Thane of Cawdor. THIRD WITCH: All hail Macbeth, that shalt be King hereafter. I think Shakespeare here uses repetition really well. It adds mystery and feeling to the play. A Victorian audience at this moment must be really â€Å"into† the play. The mystery deepens even more when less than a few scenes away a messenger arrives to tell Macbeth that he is now Thane of Cawdor. A modern audience at this point must shiver with excitement. A Victorian audience may have done the same, after all these people did fear witches in their day. In act 4 scene 1 I don’t really feel that this scene does much for the play. Some people may disagree and I can see why. I mean people sat their reading the book must be thinking, â€Å"how the hell can a tree move?† This is because Macbeth says: MACBETH: Who can impress the forest, bid the tree Unfix its earth-bound root? This will keep the reader wondering, â€Å"I wonder when this prophesy will come true?† I think they would think this because they want to see how the tree ends up moving this was clever on Shakespeare’s part this would have helped keep the audience interested. There are three prophesies all which tell Macbeth when to start worrying. The language the witches use is strange even for Shakespeare’s time! Another thing is that the lines are shorter than the lines in other parts of the play. I don’t think this is a coincidence, I personally think Shakespeare did this to keep the witches rhymes simple. I think he did this to keep the audience interested and not put them off. The use of rhyme – people often forget that poetic writing doesn’t have to rhyme, in fact in the play there isn’t really much rhyming going on, but when the witches speak in Macbeth there’re speeches do rhyme unlike most parts of the play. To add even more mystery to the witches they use strange ingredients in their potions! I mean we all expect strange items but not that strange. Cat’s tongues, guts, eyes what more do we want? I think this would have helped Shakespeare with his audience. I think they would have loved the idea of witches around a cauldron especially James! Going back and looking at these two scenes: Act 1 scene 3 Act 4 scene 1 We see that Macbeth is involved in both scenes. In act 1 scene 3 we see Macbeth as a worrier for his country, a gentleman. In this scene he â€Å"bumps† into the witches with Banquo his best friend. From what I can tell Macbeth is a bit shocked I think this because he basically asks them what they are, I think he doubts that they are human. I think this because Macbeth says: MACBETH: Speak if you can: what are you? The witches then tell Macbeth that he shall be Thane of Cawdor then King. Banquo interrupting seems more enthusiastic about talking to the witches who then tell Banquo his children shall be Kings. Maybe Macbeth is trying to take in what he’s just been told. I think Macbeth wants to believe the witches but he doesn’t want to get his hopes up. That’s why he’s looking for a reason, he asks: MACBETH: By Sinell’s death I know I am Thane of Glamis, But how, of Cawdor? The Thane of Cawdor lives A prosperous gentleman; The witches then vanish and Macbeth is left talking to Banquo. I think Macbeth is still avoiding taking about him been King, he says: MACBETH: Your children shall be Kings. In Act 4 Scene 1 we see Macbeth as a murderer and a evil man or should I say – King. He barges onto the scene and demands answers from the witches I know this because he says: MACBETH: Howe’er you come to know it, answer me: Three apparitions then go on to tell Macbeth three things: One that he should be aware of Macduff, Two that he should he should be aware of anyone not born from a women’s womb and Three that he should we weary when the woods begin to move. I think at this point in the play Macbeth is worried about Banquo’s children and what the witches told Macbeth at the beginning of the play. I think this because he says: MACBETH: Can tell so much-will Banquo’s issue ever Reign in this Kingdom? The witches do not give Macbeth his answer. I think the reason for this is because if the audience know the answer to this question then they can figure out the end of the play. As I’ve already said, I do think the witches played an enormous part in Macbeth. I also think that they play a rather big part in Macbeth’s life after all aren’t they really the ones responsible for King Duncan’s death? I think they are. I think this because at the end of the day the witches gave Macbeth the idea of killing the witch. I think as soon as the third witch says: THIRD WITCH: All hail Macbeth, that shalt be King hereafter. I think this is, in a way the poison been injected into Macbeth’s blood. It’s only a matter of time before it begins to kick in, and when it does Macbeth will think up his plans to murder King Duncan. Another reason I think the witches are to blame is because Macbeth wouldn’t have done it with out them I think this because Macbeth says to his wife when she pushes him into murdering Duncan: MACBETH: We will proceed no further in this business He also says: MACBETH: So foul and fair a day I have not seen. I think the above proves he wouldn’t have murdered Duncan if he had not met the witches. I don’t think the witches are all to blame though, I don’t think Lady Macbeth helps either she’s always trying to push Macbeth into committing murder. Some people in the audience may wonder if Lady Macbeth is a witch or perhaps the witches have put a spell on her? I have seen two different versions of the witches on screen and both were extremely different. Obviously the two versions were Polanski’s version and Macbeth on the Estate. In Polanski’s version the witches were what you would expect, old ugly women who lived in a dirty smelling cave but in Macbeth on the estate’s version the witches were played by three children who lived in an old abandoned flat. I thought this was a rather interesting (and clever) concept. Both films were very good but if I had to choose one which I thought was the most effective (concerning the witches only) I would choose Polanski’s version. This is because the witches were exactly what I expect and want. You don’t want sweet little children playing the part of horrible witches. It just isn’t Macbeth. It rips the whole idea of witches into shreds or to be more precise it doesn’t follow the stereotype. Some people may think this is a bad thing but I would have to disagree with them. However in Polanski’s version the witches are brilliant they’re ugly, they’re old, they’re dirty and they’re naked. I also think Polanski’s version was better because we saw the witches using magic. For example when they faded out into thin air. It was what I expected and the reasons above are the reasons I choose Macbeth over Macbeth on the Estate.

Jonathan Harker and Dracula in his entopic novel Essay

How does Bram stoker manipulate audience response to Jonathan Harker and Dracula in his entopic novel? Since Dracula was written in 1897, by the successful Bram Stoker it has since been a popular novel. The story line is based upon a mysterious vampire in Transylvania who travels to England in the search of fresh blood but complications arise when Jonathan Harker and accomplices intervene, causing a catastrophe. Bram Stoker manipulates his audience’s response to Jonathan Harker and Dracula. The book is set pre-1915 and is of a gothic genre, so is intended to be frightening and mysterious, which are general expectations of a gothic genre. To begin with the first four chapters are written from Jonathan Harker’s point of view, through his journal. Therefore, indicating that Bram stoker wants us to have a good understanding of Jonathan’s character before any other characters are introduced. So that we can get a very clear idea of what he usually like, his habits, what he is like before, during and after going to Transylvania. There are many indications that Bram stoker wants us to view Jonathan as an intellectual, as he focuses on Jonathan’s time spent at the British museum in England, researching for his journey to Transylvania. He wants us to view him as an intellectual so that later on the book you will trust what he is writing about his journey, and not think he has gone mad. Jonathan also comes across as a very precise man as he notes the exact train times down, â€Å"should have arrived at 6:46, but the train was an hour late. † Bram stoker also puts this across later in the chapter when other times are mentioned. By putting the exact time it emphasises how precise he is. He wants us to see Jonathan this way so that the audience think he is a trustable character, and believe what he is saying. Bram Stoker also portrays Jonathan as a very observant character. This can be deduced from the notes in Jonathan’s journal, â€Å"a country which is full of beauty of every kind,† showing he is interested in his surroundings, and other cultures. Therefore, we see him as an open-minded man; Bram Stoker is portraying him like this because he wants us to see Jonathan as a very good character in the book, he is trying to build up a very positive image of him so that the audience will trust his judgement. We first encounter Dracula when he sends a letter to Jonathan, the letter finishes with, â€Å"your friend, Dracula. † Suggesting that he is either been watching him, maybe they have had previous acquaintances or he is trying to get on Jonathan’s good side. So it shows that Dracula is quite cunning and Bram Stoker is starting to show that Dracula is quite devious and can be quite sly, he does things for a reason. Bram stoker also portrays Dracula as a possessive character, as in the letter he refers to Transylvania as â€Å"my precious land. The word â€Å"my† suggests that Dracula counts the country as his own and in a way he is in control, or he could just be very proud of his country. So by doing this Bram Stoker is showing Dracula as an even more possessive person, but he is also showing that he is powerful character, he’s trying to show Dracula as a bad character in the story. As the chapter continues, Bram Stoker portrays Dracula as an evil character when Jonathan first meets him in person. Bram Stoker uses effective adjectives to create a frightening scene, â€Å"Throwing long quivering shadows. † The adjective â€Å"quivering† suggests everything, even the shadows, live in fear of the evil Dracula. So Bram Stoker is trying to get the audience to believe he is a very powerful and fearful character. Bram Stoker would also like us to see Dracula as an intellectual as in Jonathan Harker’s journal he says, â€Å"Saying in excellent English. † The word â€Å"excellent† emphasises the fact that Draculas English is good, so Bram Stoker makes a strong point of the audience seeing him as an intellectual. We respond to his by thinking he must have Jonathan Harker at his castle for a reason, but why? This creates suspension and keeps the reader interested. We then meet Jonathan Harker later on in the book when Mina describes him in her journal and letters to Lucy Westenra. Thus, we learn about him from others whose opinion we respect. Mina refers to Jonathan quite frequently in her letters and journal. This shows Bram Stoker wants us to see him as someone that people look up to, ad strive to be like him. â€Å"I want to keep up with Jonathan’s studies†; â€Å"I shall be able to be useful to Jonathan. † These phrases from Mina show that she looks him as an example, so therefore showing the audience that he is a very important figure in people’s lives. This makes us think of Jonathan as the good character, the hero in the story and I think people expect a lot of him. Through Mina’s journal, Bram Stoker presents Jonathan as a man that keeps his word, â€Å"I had not heard from Jonathan for some time. † It suggests that he normally writes to Mina whilst he’s away, and so it was unusual for him to not write, he is trying to get us to see that Jonathan is usually a man of his word and sticks to what he does, in this case, keeping contact with Mina. We respond to this by believing that Jonathan is a trustworthy character, adding to the fact that we think he will come out as the hero in the novel. Bram Stoker wants us to see Jonathan as a hard working individual, because then we know that he is going to apply his determination to something, but the audience doesn’t know what, so it s building up the story. In Mina’s journal it states, â€Å"Rich, master of his own business. â€Å"The phrase suggests that to be rich and successful he must be hard working and determined. Further on in the book, after Jonathan has returned from Transylvania, Bram Stoker shows that Jonathan isn’t fearless, â€Å"I noticed that the others kept looking over their shoulders as every sound and every new shadow, just as I felt myself doing. † The quotation suggests that he feels uneasy in his surroundings and that he has a fear of something, so Bram Stoker portrays him as not fearless, unlike at the beginning of the book, where he is presented as fearless and a very successful. I think by showing a change in the character Bram Stoker is implying that the circumstances have had an effect on him and that they must have been awful circumstances because to begin with he was a fearless man and now he’s looking over his shoulder, scared of his surroundings. Dracula is then described in Mina Harker’s journal, during which he is in the form of a dog. â€Å"Long and dark with red eyes. † This is a description of the glance that Mina caught of Dracula. The adjective â€Å"red† suggests evil, so Bram Stoker is building up to the fact that Dracula is the evil character in the book. Bram Stoker only describes Dracula thoroughly through Jonathan Harker’s journal at the beginning of the book, I think that this is because he doesn’t want to give too much away, just give little hints throughout the book and also he mainly does it through Jonathan’s journal because the audience can trust what he is saying is true.

Health and safety Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Health and safety - Assignment Example To enhance these laws and oversee the protection of the workers, health and safety commission is held responsible for enforcement of the law and its executive arm. The European Union has as well been influential in the adoption of the health and safety regulations for its member states. These health and safety laws create the rights and obligations of the employees and employers. The UK health and safety act 1974 clearly identifies the duties that employers have towards their employees, themselves and members of the community. According to the legislation, the employers have the responsibility to ascertain that the health standards and safety of its employees provide written policies on how to implement this and protect their contractors and suppliers. The employees as well have the duty to be safe and ensure that their colleagues are not at risk and cooperate with their employers on health and safety. Additionally the safety representatives and safety committees regulations 1977 allows the unions and worker group to appoint their heads who represent them on the health and safety issues. It is required that the appointed representatives are familiar with this legislation (Stranks, 2005). Some of the additional regulations that protect the employees in the health and safety act include; management of health and safety at work regulations, manual handling operation regulation, provision of work equipment regulation, noise at work regulations and electricity at work regulations among others. The unions are involved in health and safety leadership, risk assessment, dedicating resources for health and safety, training the staff and consulting them before making any major decisions. The health and safety commission is assigned the duties of monitoring the activities of different employers and ensuring that they are in line with the health and safety regulations. To enhance this, the health and safety commission carries out assessments to

Issues of Our Times International Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Issues of Our Times International - Essay Example In this paper I will be examining the MDGs in terms of success or progress, success stories and failures with the aim drawing the lessons learnt. In the MDGs the world identified eight major challenges facing nations of the world especially in the developing world and embarked on an ambitious plan to reduce if not eliminate them. Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger across the world, achieving universal primary education and promoting gender equality and empowering women for the f8irst three MDGs. Significant progress has been seen in this area as by 2012 the world targets had been achieved. Reducing the rates of child mortality and improving maternal health care are two goals that still require a lot of effort especially in the poorest nations. The last three goals i.e. ensuring environmental sustainability, fighting diseases such as HIV/AIDS, malaria and others, and developing global partnerships for development are the other goals on which some remarkable progress has been made but more is required in order to meaningfully influence lives. On a larger perspective and basing on available statistics, there has been some significant progress overall but with the 2015 deadline just around the corner the world may miss on the targets in some of the goals. In the first goal of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, the goal was set at halving the proportion persons living on $1.25 and below around the world. The target was achieved in 2008 mostly as a result of rapid economic expansion in the emerging economies of Asia. Persons in extreme poverty as well as poverty rates have gone down in all regions and the working poor have reduced significantly. Attaining universal primary education as a target has also seen significant effort, enrollment stood at 90% in 2010 as compared to 82% in 1999. Though encouraging the rate is slow and the goal may not be attained by 2015.over a half of those children out of school are sub-Saharan Africa,

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCIDs) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCIDs) - Essay Example The most common infections are respiratory infections. Since the disease is a recessive trait, a horse carrying one of the genes appears normal but when a foal is born with two defective genes the result is 100% fatal (Oglesby, horseadvice.com). Heterogenous carriers can transfer mutations to their offspring. The condition is characterized by lymphopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and absence of tissue lymphocytes. There is a definitive test for SCID gene in Arabian foals. The test is performed on secretions from the mucosal swab or blood. The specific test involves cutting up the DNA with PCR restriction enzymes and then examining the relevant section of the gene. Genetic cause of a SCID is a 5-base pair deletion within the catalytic subunit of DNA dependent pro-tein kinase (DNA-PKc) (Zavrtanik, Mesaric, & Majdic, 2005, p.37-41). This mutation causes a frame shift at codon 3155 of the transcript. This further results in 967 amino acid deletion from the C- terminus that includes entire phosphatidylinositol 3- linase domain, thus making DNA-PKC functionally inactive. The affected foals are clinically normal at birth. But they soon develop signs of infection during the first 2 months of life. The first clinical signs are usually noticed between two days and six weeks of age. These signs include fever, tachycardia and tachypnea. The small animals are unthrifty, lethargic and tire easily. But they continue to nurse and eat solid food. Respiratory infection occurs commonly and is manifests as bilateral nasal discharge, cough and dyspnea. Those who survive longer may develop chronic diarrhoea, alopecia and dermatitis (Zavrtanik, Mesaric, & Majdic, 2005, p.37-41). The most constant findings in SCID are lymphopenia (

The Worlds Thirst Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Worlds Thirst - Essay Example Doing this entails the use of different means, namely, the ethos, logos, and pathos. However, new products have no established credibility, thus they cannot rely on ethos unless they would convince a well-known personality such as Pres. Barack Obama or Sec. Hillary Clinton to endorse the new product. Therefore, they would attract the attention of the consumers, making use of either logos or pathos or both. Noting the serious problem of death in Africa, â€Å"Lmn† captivates the audience by appealing first to their logos. The setting of the advertisement is a perfect choice. It denotes the remarkable dearth of potable water all over the world, especially in Africa. In the opening scene, the sight of two African men under the blazing safari sun instantly suggests what the commercial is all about, the answer to the need for water or drink. Anyone who would see the advertisement will surely be reminded of the problem that haunts not only Africa but even other parts of the world. The lack of water as shown in the scenes challenges the audience to think of an alternative way to quench thirst but the setting itself limits the choice and leads them back to the setting. The last part of the segment where the Lmn drink appears connotes that one can find Lmn even in the most difficult place such as Africa. That part also suggests the global presence of the manufacturer. The use of logos is also effective in relaying the message that one does not have to do much effort in finding a drink. The technique used was quite ordinary, thus making the point clear. First, it gives propositions then leads to a sound conclusion at the end. In the first part of each commercial segment, the two characters look terribly thirsty. Then, they would attempt to look for a drink and find a way but still fail at the end despite serious troubles.  

Negative stereotype of Chinese Americans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Negative stereotype of Chinese Americans - Essay Example Related to this is the notion that the Chinese "somaticize" their emotions. In this view, rather than expressing/experiencing emotions verbally and behaviorally, the Chinese manifest emotions as physical or bodily symptoms related to illness. If true, this "somaticizing" of emotions may provide a culturally condoned outlet for emotional expression (e.g., complaining of a stomach ache when angry) when other forms of expressions may be considered inappropriate (e.g., yelling at your employer). A somewhat different understanding of Chinese emotions, proposed by Potter (1988, 59), is that emotions lack social significance in the collectivistic Chinese culture and thus are less relevant than they are in the individualistic American culture. The underlying assumption here is that emotions are more disruptive to the social harmony than they are helpful. In this view, emotional expression in Chinese culture is not so much discouraged or suppressed, but rather it is ignored. Potter described attitudes toward emotional displays in China as that of indifference, as evidenced by a statement by one of her cultural informants: "How I feel does not matter!" Although the underlying dynamic in Potter's model is quite different from that of Kleinberg, Wu and Tseng, and others, both models may lead to the same result: low levels of emotional experience and sparse emotional displays. Empirical tests of these n... Tsai and Levenson (2000, 37) found support for emotional moderation in Chinese culture in a study comparing Chinese American and European American dating couples who had unrehearsed conversations about their relationship. Chinese American couples reported fewer periods of positive emotion and showed less variability in their reported emotional experience than European American couples. Other studies of emotion in Chinese culture have not directly measured emotional responding, but rather have examined qualities of emotional judgments. Ekman et al. (1987, 97) found that college students from Asian countries (Hong Kong, Japan, Sumatra) attributed less emotional intensity than students from non-Asian countries to photographs of facial expressions posed by Caucasians. Matsumoto (1993, 55) reported a similar pattern of lower intensity ratings for Asian Americans using photographs of facial expressions posed by both Caucasians and Japanese. Consistent with ethnographic views reviewed earli er, Matsumoto also found that Asian participants rated the emotional expressions as being less "appropriate" under various social situations than did Caucasian participants. Health care and social services providers face numerous challenges in meeting the health and wellness needs of Chinese Americans. In designing a strategy of care for this population, providers must understand that poverty, limited English skills, and noncitizenship status all serve as significant barriers to access and use. Providers must also consider the population's unique cultural beliefs and practices as well as address its most pressing social concerns. A strategy to increase accessibility for and use of health care services among Chinese Americans may well

Density Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Density - Lab Report Example By means of displacement, the difference in the initial and final volumes of liquid used would be the volume displaced through the solid object plunged into the water, and, therefore, it serves as the volume of the material itself. At this stage, given the mass, it may be hypothesized that the mass of pennies divided by the volume displaced or occupied which causes rise in the water level within the graduated cylinder yields to the penny’s density. Methods and Materials Type of Metal Used: Early-1985 penny with an accepted density value of 7.18 g/ml. Initially, a 50-ml graduated cylinder was filled with 20.00 ml of water, and it was carefully recorded. The initial mass of cylinder and water (combined) was acquired using a top-loading balance and then recorded as initial reading for the cylinder-balance setup. Pennies were dropped by increments of two where the new volume was read and the new mass was measured using the same balancing equipment each time. This step was carried out repetitively to make a total of five data sets, which includes noting of final volumes along and masses (7th and 8th columns) through addition of previous differences with actual volumes and masses, correspondingly. There were ten pennies dropped all in all, and in order to obtain the experimental value of density for each set of pennies, the following equation was applied: Density, ? = [ Mass(2) - Mass(1) ] / [ Volume(2) - Volume(1) ] (in g/ml) Results Initial Volume of Water (ml): 20.0 ml_ Initial Mass of Cylinder + Water: 105.06 g_ density, g/ml % difference Rep A 5.03 29.94 Rep B 9.82 36.77 Rep C 10.06 40.11 Rep D 5.00 30.36 Rep E 9.98 39.00 Sample Calculations (using Reps A & B of the table): Actual Volume = 21.5 ml - 21.0 ml = 0.5 ml Actual Mass = 115.0 g - 110.09 g = 4.91 g Density = Actual Mass / Actual Volume = 4.91 g / 0.5 ml = 9.82 g/ml Final Volume = Actual V1 + Actual V2 = 1.0 ml + 0.5 ml = 1.5 ml Final Mass = Actual M1 + Actual M2 = 5.03 g + 4.91 g = 9.94 g Then us ing the given theoretical value = 7.18 g/ml and the formula % difference = | 9.82 - 7.18 | / 7.18 x 100% = 36.77% volume, ml mass, g 20 105.06 21 110.09 21.5 115 22 120.03 23 125.03 23.5 130.02 Based on the 3rd and 4th columns of the first table, beginning with a volume (water) of 20.0 ml and a mass (cylinder + water) of 105.06 g, the amounts (volume and mass) of each succeeding row are subtracted from the corresponding amounts of the preceding row to generate the 5th and 6th column outputs showing actual entries specific for every two-penny increment. Since these densities appear to be significantly different as compared to the literature value of 7.18 g/ml, the average density was estimated from the graph of mass vs. volume of pennies. Considering the best-fit line drawn (via MS Excel program) fairly between the plotted coordinates, the slope would be 7.186 g/ml according to the resulting equation m = 7.186v – 39.36, so that percent difference equals (7.186 - 7.18) / 7.18 x 100% or 0.0836%, which is appreciably lower than the % difference solved individually, as shown prior. Discussion / Conclusion Though the outcomes reflect inconsistent values of density on the basis of the actual volumes and actual masses which had been arrived at through the displacement method,

The Coffee Crisis Essay Example for Free

The Coffee Crisis Essay To begin, The Coffee Crisis is about an acute coffee crisis and how it threatens millions of small coffee farmers around the world and is putting economic growth, as well as social and political stability, at risk in scores of coffee producing countries in Central and South America, Africa and Asia. In 2004, the governments of coffee producing countries were considering how to respond to the dramatic decline in coffee prices caused in part by a large increase in coffee production in Brazil and Vietnam. Coffee was the main source of income for roughly 25 million farmers, mostly small land holders, in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Coffee prices had hit 40 year lows in 2001 and had remained low since, resulting in real hardship for many farmers. A variety of alternative solutions had been suggested. (Gomez-Ibanez Quinlan, 2004) The International Coffee Organization was advocating increasing demand through programs promoting coffee consumption; the Inter-American Development Bank supported promotion but also thought some high-cost countries should get out of coffee, while the non-governmental organization Oxfam was pushing fair trade pricing. The coffee crisis is worldwide. It is affecting farmers in Central America, South America, Africa, and Asia. While the Arabica farmers in Costa Rica may be getting 40 cents per pound for their coffee cherries, the Robusta coffee farmers in Viet Nam are only receiving 15 cents a pound for theirs. Even the low cost producers are not benefiting from the current situation. This condition is created because the market place does not view coffee as a true commodity. It places premiums and discounts on both coffee types and coffee grades. While both markets may move up and down in tandem, the arbitrage, or spread between one Arabica and Robusta, does not give one farmer an economic competitive advantage over another. This fact tends to get glossed over in most economic discussions on the coffee crisis. Many analysts believe that oversupply is at the root of the present crisis. After the system of coffee export quotas (the International Coffee Agreement, or ICA), administered by the International Coffee Organization, collapsed in 1989, the regulation of coffee production and quality was left to each individual producer country. Almost immediately following the dissolution of the agreement, excessive quantities of coffee entered international markets, prices became quite volatile and the overall quality of the coffee began to decline. Many of the coffee producing nations, including Mexico, were simultaneously in the process of deregulating, privatizing, and otherwise liberalizing agricultural production and national agricultural institutions. This had the effect of exacerbating the uncertainties faced by coffee farmers at the end of the 1980s. The coffee crisis is structural. It was not caused by the cyclical nature of coffee agriculture that has produced the â€Å"boom-bust† cycles of the past. The change in the market place has been brought about by the concentration of buying power in the hands of a few firms that present coffee to the consumer as a â€Å"blended and branded† product, void of any links to type and grade. This has led to intense price competition for market share that has rewarded increased market share to low cost products in the short run at the expense of stability in the supply chain in the long run. Since the crisis is a structural problem and not a cyclical one, remedies are to be found by taking intervening actions. These actions would include a strengthening of coffee institutions, a realignment of market forces, a creation of suitable financial tools, and a promotion of sustainable agricultural practices. It must be emphasized that any direct market intervention, such as quotas or subsidies, would only be short term in effect and would not correct the structural problems. It must also be emphasized that what is required is a series of steps in a number of different areas, as no single step will produce the desired structural changes that are needed. The crisis in the coffee sector continues. Its impact cannot be understated, since coffee constitutes the livelihood of an estimated 25 million families around the world. In world trade, coffee is the second leading commodity, after petroleum. The worldwide coffee market spans some 71 countries, of which 51 are significant producers and 20 are key consumers. Prices have not kept up with production costs to the extent needed to make participation in the coffee business profitable for most producers, even though the crop year 2003-2004 witnessed a worldwide decrease in production. (Central America The Coffee Crisis: Effects and Strategies for Moving Forward, 1992) In coffee producing countries, which account for over 26% of world consumption, the situation is more diverse. In some countries, prices of coffee have fallen in local currency and consumption may therefore be stimulated. In Brazil, the largest coffee market among producing countries, the devaluation of the real has maintained prices of green coffee at pre-crisis levels. As a whole, consumption in these markets is not expected to suffer any major negative impact. The root cause of the coffee crisis can be linked to three factors: over production; under consumption; and market oligopoly. In short, these are all problems associated with the economics of coffee farming. Without resolution, they will lead to both social and environmental breakdowns. (Central America The Coffee Crisis: Effects and Strategies for Moving Forward, 1992). The crisis has been caused by a large increase in coffee production over the past several years by two countries Vietnam and Brazil. In the case of Vietnam, within ten years this country grew from a relatively insignificant producer to the world second largest – ahead of Colombia but behind Brazil, now producing well over 10 million bags annually and accounting for approximately 12% of world exports. (Central America The Coffee Crisis: Effects and Strategies for Moving Forward, 1992) To conclude, without economic remedies to the crisis, it is difficult to promote sustainable agricultural practices in coffee farming. While niche markets within the specialty coffee industry can provide some relief, the size of these markets makes them too small to be an effective solution. References: Central America The Coffee Crisis: Effects and Strategies for Moving Forward. (1992, July 19). Retrieved February 4, 2012, from Latin American and Carribean: http://web. worldbank. org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/LACEXT/0,,contentMDK:20606092~pagePK:146736~piPK:146830~theSitePK:258554,00. html Gomez-Ibanez, J. , Quinlan, S. J. (2004). The Coffee Crisis.

Biography of Pope John Paul II Essay Example for Free

Biography of Pope John Paul II Essay I. Early Life The Pope John Paul II was born Karol Jà ³zef WojtyÅ‚a, before his papacy in October 1978 .He was born in the Polish town of Wadowice, a small city 50 kilometers from Krakow, on May 18, 1920. Karol Jà ³zef WojtyÅ‚a was then the youngest of the three children born to Karol WojtyÅ‚a and Emilia Kaczorowska. His mother died in 1929 while Edmund, his eldest brother who was a doctor, died in 1932 and his father who was a non-commissioned army officer died in 1941. A sister, Olga, had died before he was born. Fr. Franciszek Zak baptized Karol Jà ³zef WojtyÅ‚a on The 20th of June in 1920 in the parish church of Wadowice. He was nine (9) years old when he took his First Holy Communion and was a confirmed Catholic at the age of eighteen at eighteen (18). â€Å"Upon graduation from Marcin Wadowita high school in Wadowice, he enrolled in Krakows Jagiellonian University in 1938 and in a school for drama.† (Short Biography, 2005) A year after, the university was closed by the Nazi forces. The young Karol instead had to work in a quarry from 1940 until 1944 and after in the factory of chemicals, Solvay, to earn his living and to keep away from being deported to Germany. Karol was always aware of his religious callings, and it was in 1942 when he started courses of becoming a priest in the clandestine seminary of Krakow, managed by Cardinal Adam Stefan Sapieha, the archbishop of Krakow at that time. â€Å"At the same time, Karol WojtyÅ‚a was one of the pioneers of the Rhapsodic Theatre, also clandestine.† (Short Biography, 2005) II. Post World War II Life with the Church Karol Jà ³zef WojtyÅ‚a pursued his studies in the major seminary of Krakow when it had reopened after the Second World War. At the same time he was a faculty of theology of the Jagiellonian University. It was in 1946, at the first day of November when he was ordained to the priesthood in Krakow. Archbishop Sapieha did the honor to ordain him. Thereafter, the same cardinal sent Father Karol WojtyÅ‚a to Rome to work under the direction of the French Dominican, Garrigou-Lagrange It was in 1948 when Father WojtyÅ‚a finished his doctorate in theology having a thesis on the â€Å"subject of faith in the works of St. John of the Cross (Doctrina de fide apud Sanctum Ioannem a Cruce)†. (Short Biography, 2005).   Even then, he was a good catholic and a person because that time after having his doctorate degree, while he was on vacations, he applied his pastoral ministry among the Polish immigrants of France, Belgium and Holland. During the same year he returned to his home country and became a vicar of many parishes in Krakow as well as chaplain to young students in the university and these roles and activities lasted until 1951. Beginning 1951 he pursued his studies again to widen his knowledge on philosophy and theology and two years after he was to defend a thesis on evaluation of the possibility of founding a Catholic ethic on the ethical system of Max Scheler at Lublin Catholic University.† (Short Biography, 2005) After this event he became a professor teaching about moral theology and social ethics in the key seminary of Krakow as served as a Faculty of Theology of at the same time. He was appointed as a titular bishop of Ombi on the 4th of July in 1958. The Pope Pius XII also appointed him as an auxiliary of Krakow on that same moment. On the 28th of September of the same year he was consecrated as a bishop by Archbishop Eugeniusz Baziak in Wawel Cathedral located in Krakow. Bishop WojtyÅ‚a had a lot of meaningful religious activities before he became the pope in October 1978. Among these are the publication of his dissertation in 1960, Evaluation of the Possibility of Constructing a Christian Ethic based on the System of Max Scheler† and the publication of Love and Responsibility; and in 1965 he made his Letter of Reconciliation of the Polish Bishops to the German Bishops, containing the famous words We forgive and ask forgiveness (Pre-Pontificate, 2005) III. And He Became the Pope John Paul II It was October 16, 1978 when Cardinal Karol WojtyÅ‚a  was elected successor to Pope John Paul I, the 264th Pope of the Catholic Church and takes the name  John Paul II. (Pontificate, 2005) During his election as the pope, â€Å"there were three surprises: that the new pope should be so young 58; that he should be a non-Italian; and that he should come from an Eastern European country. Though there has been noticeably less talk about the Holy Spirit, once again the cardinals have said how satisfied they are with their choice.†Ã‚  (Hebblethwaite 3) During his first year in the papal seat in 1978, he made numerous and notable activities and encouragement to the whole Catholic world. Among these are the Urbi et Orbi  radio message, John Paul IIs historic embrace of Cardinal  WyszyÅ„ski, the visits  to the Shrine of the Blessed Virgin Mary at Mentorella, Rome and to  Assisi  to venerate the tomb of St. Francis, patron of Italy, and to the Basilica of Santa Maria sopra Minerva to venerate the tomb of St. Catherine, patroness of Italy, The preceding year of his papacy and the years after it, Pope John Paul II simply inspired the whole Catholic community with his leadership. In 1979, the Pope accepted the request made by  Argentina  and  Chile  for the Holy See’s mediation in solving the controversy that was on going between the two nations. He also made the Pastoral Visit to  Santo Domingo in Dominican Republic, to Mexico  for the Third General Conference of the Latin American Bishops and the Bahamas  on January 25th to February 1st 1979 for his 1st Apostolic Voyage. (Pontificate, 2005) This voyage was succeeded by the second, third and fourth, all happening in the same year, 1979. These were the visits or voyages to Poland in June, in  Ireland, the U.N.  and the  United States of America  in September and in Turkey in November. During his voyage to his homeland, he had a very specific message to his countrymen. â€Å"The popes letter on the purpose of his visit, in which he stressed that he hoped to serve the unity of the Poles. (Hebblethwaite 3) During the 1980s, among the outstanding activities of Pope John Paul II involve Pastoral Voyages to  Zaire, Republic of Congo, Kenya, Ghana, Upper Volta  and  Ivory Coast, France, Brazil, and West Germany. His pastoral visit to Naples, Potenza, Balvano  and  Avellino was made after the earthquake. The apostolic voyages, which obviously result to greater acceptance among the Catholics of the respective visited nations, also serve as reminders to each and every one to restore their faith and be better followers of God. The pope never missed in reinstating this message anywhere he visits. At the year 1980 was ending the pope made his Apostolic Letter  Egregiae virtutis  in which he proclaimed Sts. Cyril and Methodius, together with St. Benedict, Patrons of Europe. As the leader, teacher and model of millions of Catholic followers, John Paul II made and performed his papal responsibilities dutifully. The Popes 1988 encyclical,  Sollicitudo Rei Socialis,  which is about social justice threading a middle ground between the sides of capitalists and socialists and putting arguments on both economic developments and placing the needs of those millions of poors over the wants of the selected wealthy. This Sollicitudo Rei Socialis is in fact believed to be â€Å"one of his most substantial documents.† (John Paul II) A new catechism was approved by Pope John Paul II in 1992. This contained comprehensive statements of devotion meant to unify the entire Catholic It was in October of this year when the Pope was able to publish a large encyclical on moral issues fairly â€Å"inspired by the pedophilia or the sexual attraction of adults to children crisis† (John Paul II) that was rampant in the United States. It was called Veritatis Splendor  or The Resplendence of Truth. In 1994 the Pope was with the Special Assembly for Africa  of the Synod of Bishops on the theme:† The Church in Africa and Her Evangelizing Mission Towards the Year 2000: You Shall Be My Witnesses. On that same year however, on the month of April the Pope had an accidental fall on the evening of the 28th causing a fracture on his right femur. Thereafter the Holy Father recovered at the Gemelli Polyclinic Hospital and undergone an operation and was hospitalized until the 27th of May. (Pontificate, 2005) Fulfilling the promise of his apostolic letter  Tertio Millennio adveniente  (As the Third Millennium Draws Near, 1994 the pope entered the year 2000, which he greeted by a proclamation of this year as the year of the Great Jubilee.   The Pope carried on this year â€Å"with a series of epoch-making activities calling for dialogue and brotherhood among the faiths.† (Pope John Paul) In February of the new millennium, John Paul II was the first pope to make a visit to Egypt, where he celebrated a mass in Cairo, stirring on discrimination against Christians in Egypt and other countries of Africa. On March 12, 2000, the pope also asked for forgiveness for many of the Catholic Churchs past sins, such as its treatment of Jews, heretics, women, and native peoples. â€Å"This was believed to be the first time in the history of the Catholic Church that one of its leaders sought such a sweeping pardon.† (John Paul II Biography) In the beginning of 2004, the Pope made his appeal to everyone regarding World Peace. â€Å"All of you, hear the humble appeal of the Successor of Peter who cries out: today too, at the beginning of the New Year 2004,  peace remains possible. And if peace is possible,  it is also a duty!†(John Paul II, 2004) A year before his death, Pope John Paul II was conferred the  International Charlemagne Prize, a prestigious award given annually by the city of Aachen, Germany, in recognition â€Å"of the Pope’s personal commitment, and that of the Holy See, in favor of unity among the peoples of Europe on the basis of the values rooted in the common human nature and efficaciously promoted by Christianity† (Pontificate, 2005) On February, at least a month before his death the Memory and Identity was published. This book was all about the Pope John Paul II, his life, and his legacy to the world. With his great contribution to the Catholic Church and in humanity in general, Pope John Paul II died in Vatican on April 2, 2005 at 9:37 in the evening. He was a great pope, leader, teacher and a person who gave much inspiration and teachings to his followers.

Csr Initiatives Taken By Bayer Material Science Management Essay

Csr Initiatives Taken By Bayer Material Science Management Essay 1. Introduction This is the report which contains about the assessment and looks at the Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives taken by Bayer Material Science (BMS). 1.1 Introduction to the Case Study This case study is based in the chemical industry and presents the decision of Germanys Bayer Material Science (BMS) to choose appropriate measures of corporate social responsibility initiatives taken by the organization and to promote the process of setting up and running a plant in China. The story is centered on Dr Dirk van Meirvenne, who managed the plant in Map Ta Phut, Thailand, at the time of the case. About BMS Bayer AG is the management holding company of the Bayer Group, which was founded in 1863.Today Bayer is a research based global enter-praise with core competences in the fields of health care, nutrition and innovative high -tech materials. It is represented around the world by 350 companies, which market approximately 5,000 products Bayers global headquarters in Leverkusen, Germany, his business is structured into three sub groups. Bayers Health Care AG Bayers Crop Science AG Bayers Material Science AG These are supported by central service functions which are combined into the three service companies. 2. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Corporate social responsibility is related to, but not identical with, business ethics. It is concerned with the ways in which an organization exceeds the minimum obligations to stakeholders specified through regulation and corporate governance. This includes considerations as to how the conflicting demands of different stakeholders can be reconciled. Since the legal and regulatory frameworks pay uneven attention to the rights of different stakeholders it is useful to distinguish between contractual stakeholders such as customers, suppliers or employees who have a legal relationship with an organization and community stakeholders such as local communities, consumers (in general) and pressure groups who do not have the protection of the law to the same extent as the first group. Therefore the corporate social responsibility policies of companies will be particularly important to these community stakeholders. 2.1. CSR in BMS Corporate social responsibility (CSR) analyzed economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary expectations that society has of organizations at a given point in time with focusing under four stances Leissez faire, enlightened self interest, forum for stake holder interaction and shaper of society those typically involve in terms of the ways organization practices. The Laissez Faire View It represents an extreme stance where Bayer takes the view that the responsibility of business is the short term interest of shareholders and to make a profit, pay taxes and provide jobs. It is for government to prescribe throw legislation and regulation. They have shown their commitment to CSR in their objectives. They have long track records of welfare engagement. Most activities are organized at the local level by Bayer foreign subsidiaries and maintain public private partnerships which are corporative projects with local and government organization. They are ensuring their acceptances into the portfolio of investment and pension funds that are oriented around ethical principle and sustainability criteria. They also aimed at making an attracting employer for high skilled personnel. They are technical and economic expertise is closely link to a responsibility to work for the benefit of mankind and contribute to sustainable. They are well aware of the value of their 120,000 employee in achieving and sustaining the high standard. They are contracting their employees by recognizing in each country where they operate. These needs may vary along with customs and national culture from country to country. Before they decided to invest in Thailand they recruited educated employees by sending to Europe for one year. This shows they have always been forecast on the development of the CSR to make short term interest of shareholders. Enlightened Self-Interest Is has tempered with recognition of the long term financial benefit to the shareholder of well-managed relationships with other stakeholders. The justification for social action is that it makes good business sense. An organizations reputation is important to its long term financial success and there is a business case to be made for a more proactive stance on social issues in order to recruit and retain for staff, for example. So corporate philanthropy or welfare investment or promotion expenditure. The sponsorship of major sporting or arts events by companies is an example. When employees view their organizations commitment to socially responsible behavior more favorably, they also tend to have more positive attitudes in other areas that correlate with better performance. Bayer group have promoted activities include health education programme and initiatives to improve child care project to combat child labour, education and vocational tanning. The promotion of culture and sports or projects to encourage cultural diversity form these shareholders believe their organizations recognize and reward great customer service, act quickly to address and resolve customer concerns, and are led by people in senior management who act in the best interest of customers. So we can add corporate social responsibility, the CSR factor  to the top drivers of workplace engagement. Its also a factor in attracting and retaining talent. And the more senior management is seen to be out front on the issue, the more employees like it. Forum of Stakeholders Interaction It defines multiple stakeholders interests and expectations. Bayer focuses on the right societal megatrends: a responsible approach to drinking water, childrens health, energy-efficient and environmentally friendly production and innovation are viewed as crucial issues, as are climate change and climate protection, sustainable health care and safety at the workplace. The transparent implementation of these issues is detailed particularly clearly in the focus issue sections but is also demonstrated in the Performance Report. Granted funds to support the organizing, a soccer tournament and supported a School tournament for students from schools. Bayer Corporation believes that adhering to this ideology and continuously making improvements to their Work Life programs and benefits are what has made us one of the worlds top inventor companies. Shapers of Society It focuses of financial considerations as of secondary importance or a constraint, in this sense it seeking to change society and social norms.Bayer intends to contribute to a stable business environment, safeguarding the legitimacy and justification for the companys operations while same time strengthening the confidence of board cross section of society in the companys social responsibility, here by highlighted the three main areas: Bayers have legal obligations under statute and under tort to respect and protect the environment and human rights. Bayer has long track of welfare involvements nongovernmental organizations NGOs to set up local or governmental initiatives to solve a wide variety of social problems. Partners with United Nations Environment Programme; supports and organizes a no. of projects, which aim to reinforce environmental awareness and advance knowledge about the environment awareness. Bayers believe in modern innovative technology transfer, creation of welfare and responsible development in their work. Corporate boards should be permitted / forced to consider non-financial matters under securities and corporate law to insure that the business is not put at risk. Bayers CSR commitment covers wide range of activities which, supported by monetary and material donations or company foundation. Promoted activities include ; health educations programmes and initiative to improve child care projects to combat child labor, education and vocational training, environmental protection, promotion of culture and sports or projects to encourage culture and sports or projects to encourage cultural diversity and combat of discrimination. Responsibility care code of management practices, BMS Thailand; Bayers invest on pension funds that are oriented around ethical principles and sustainability criteria. Bayers work hard to educate consumers and other actors in society to drive fair trade and sustainable models of production Donating books and magazines to municipality school libraries, by educating pupils and also providing health care services. 3. Conclusion Corporate social responsibility of BMS shows that organizations have moral, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities in addition to their responsibilities to earn a fair return for investors and comply with the law. Organization adopting a broader view of its responsibilities that includes not only stockholders, but many other constituencies as well, including employees, suppliers, customers, the local community, local, state, and federal governments, environmental groups, and other special interest groups. Even though they have being proactive on environmental issues they are some issue on their environmental harm because of chemical exposed. To provide Support in the form of green initiatives is obtainable for improving processes, it would be helped them to improved public image, stake holders relationship and reputation. In addition, And all Bayer industries would be pressured to follow Bayers lead, resulting in an improvement of air quality (defend on air pollution) that would benefit residents, workers, and local government agencies and industries that depend on an influx of residents and tourists.   Recommendations Industrial environmental protection and corporate social responsibility have always been inseparably linked at Bayer, for further reference refer to Appendix 1. Developing enlightened self interest Go out of the way to practice showing positive feelings towards others- gratitude, respect, trust which in turn will arouse goodwill from them. Choose some new activities in various life areas work, family, leisure that will bring goodwill and motivate the employees. At the same time, act assertively. In other words, until enlightened self-interest becomes part of you, consciously seek to get you get more of what you want, while respecting the views and feelings of the other people involved. For further, Making available Support in the form of green proposal is recommendable for improving processes, it would be helped them to gain better public image, stake holders relationship and reputation by invest considerable time, effort, and capital in green technology becoming much greener company. Come up with additional funding for Health and Safety of the employees and residents against possible injury, illness, and death. Should absolve Bayer by proving that actual air fabrication where were much operation occurrence and reflecting at the side of air pollution, heat and power without funding to allow the EPA to test air emissions at the site and without efforts by the stakeholders to persuade Bayer to reduce the amount of waste produced at the site In order to invest in China they should focus those drawbacks and critical situations to be avoided inconveniences and to be successful and pave in China. References (2008). Coperate Social Responsibility. In K. S. Gerry Johnson, 8th Edition, Exploring Coperarte Strategy (pp. 145 148). England: Bristish Library Catalogue-In-Publication Data. (2008). Bayer MaterialScience: Resposnsible Operations in Thailand and China. In K. S. Gerry Johnson, 8th Edition, Exploring Coperarte Strategy (pp. 677 684). England: Bristish Library Catalogue-In-Publication Data. Bayer Material Science , Bayer Material Science [online] Available at: http://www.bayermaterialscience.com/internet/global_portal_cms.nsf/id/home_en [Accessed 11 January2011] Bayer Bids to Be No. 1 in Polycarbonate, Plastics Technology, February 2000, p. 69. Bayer, CuraGen Alliance, Chemical Market Reporter, February 26, 2001, p. 7. Bayer Playing Catch-Up, Med Ad News, March 2001. Bayer Prepares Bulk Chemicals Restructuring, Chemical Market Reporter, March 24, 1997, p. 8. Brierley, David, Bayer Finds Breaking Up Is Hard to Do, European, August 7, 1997, p. 24. Hume Claudia, Bayer Rejects Call for Split, Chemical Week, March 21, 2001, p. 7. Rosendahl, Iris, Out Miles, in Bayer, Drug Topics, February 6, 1995, p. 54.

The Bus :: essays research papers

The Bus I have this friend named Ted. Ted has an old school bus all spray-painted and beat up looking. This in and of itself is not that big a matter. What makes this bus different is he attached the top half of a Volkswagon van on top of the bus. This bus has been around for around fifteen years or so and has looked about the same if not worse the whole time. See, Ted used to live in this bus. It's a project he has been working on for some time now. Numerous people have asked him why he won't get rid of the ugly thing. His parents don't ask him to, they tell him to get rid of it. I have wondered myself why he has a bus such as he does and why he bothers putting so much money into it. I do notice a slight difference in Ted's eyes when he is working on it though, so there must be something about it worth saving. Ted Jensen was born December 29, 1969 right here in Vancouver, Washington at the old Memorial Hospital (now a clinic I have been told.) His parents are still alive and kicking along with his brother and sister. I met Ted as my neighbor when I first moved to my current home. He has a strong sense of what’s right and fair, as I feel I do. This must be the biggest reason why I like Ted. That and he would not intentionally hurt anybody without them deserving it completely. He may be a little headstrong at times, but he is very easy going most of the time. If I ever need anything, and I do mean anything, Ted is the guy I go to. If he does not already have it, or have access to the item or information I want, he can usually tell me who does. The year is 1986 and the location is a Grateful Dead concert. As Ted was enjoying the festivities of such a concert he came across a vehicle that pulled him to examine it closer. It was an old school bus that had been rebuilt and remodeled into a motor home of sorts. Ted knew then that he had to have one and proceeded to investigate his options. As luck would have it one of his friends needed some cash flow for a lawyer and had a 1976 school bus for sale to get it.

Egyptian Mythology: Enviromental Influences :: Ancient Egypt Egyptian History

Egyptian Mythology: Enviromental Influences Religion can be thought of as the recognition by human beings of a superhuman power that controls the universe and everything that is, was, or shall be in it. Each individual human being can consider that the superhuman control power is a deity worthy of being loved; or capable of inspiring awe, obedience, and even fear. The effect of these feelings on individuals can lead to the setting up of a system of worship of the deity; and to the drawing up of a code of beliefs and conduct inspired by their religious faith. As all religions follow this, the Egyptians seem to be unique in their beliefs. The Egyptians did not have a true religion; they had more of a collection of myths and doctrines, which evolved to suit the worshipper's needs. Although many changes were evident in their religion, conflict between new and old concepts did not occur. However, their belief system was much more complex and elaborate than that of any other culture. A clear reason is not given, but we theorize that environmental conditions play a significant role in their authenticity. It is a truism that the activities of people everywhere are influenced by the conditions under which they live, and religious thought is no exception to this. Before the days of mass communication, an Eskimo, living in cold climate, had no experience of any great heat generated by the sun. His idea of hell, therefore, would be a place of extreme cold. On the other hand, a man living in a hot climate can only visualize hell as an even hotter place than any with which he has ever had acquaintance with. The Nile River plays an important part in Egyptian mythology. As the Nile flows northward through Egypt, it creates a narrow ribbon of fertile land in the midst of a great desert. The sharp contrast between the fertility along the Nile and the wasteland of the desert became a basic theme in Egyptian mythology. The Egyptians lived in a river valley, 1200 km long from the Egypt south border at Aswan to the northern boundary on the Mediterranean, bordered in by ancient river terraces. The only fertile land was that watered by the Nile, which flowed through the valley: the rest was desert. Thus, the land in which the Egyptians lived was considered to be "the gift of the river". Every