Voyage to the Lungs and Out the Nose free essay sample

Today we are going to be entering the right femoral vein of a healthy female. I am your pilot Kierra Lewis. While we embark on this journey, make sure that you keep your hands and feet inside the submarine at all times. Fasten your seat belts and let’s start our journey! We will begin our journey in the femoral vein. As you can see the femoral vein is a blood vessel that is responsible for carrying blood from the leg back to the heart via the iliac veins. This is the largest vein in the groin area. Any blockages in this vein can lead to serious medical problems. Oh no! Passengers we have just gotten word that there is a bacterium that is invading the lower lobe of the right lung! So, we will be travelling there via the pulmonary artery. We will get to see what actually happens when a bacterium invades the body and the defense mechanisms that our bodies take to get rid of those invading bacteria. We will write a custom essay sample on Voyage to the Lungs and Out the Nose or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Now we will be leaving the femoral vein and entering the inferior vena cava. As you all can see the inferior vena cava is a large vein that goes through the abdomen. It collects blood from the lumbar veins, hepatic veins, gonadal veins, renal veins, and the phrenic veins. We are now reaching the end of the inferior vena cava and we will now be entering the right atrium that will lead us into the heart. We have now arrived to the right atrium of the heart. As you can see looking out of your windows, the right atrium of the heart receives de-oxygenated blood from the body via the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. So everything is connected in terms of blood flow so that the blood will return to the right atrium of the heart. You can also see the contractions that the atrium is making. This is due to the sinoatrial node that sends impulses to the cardiac muscle tissue which causes it to contract in a wave-like manner. Now we are going to enter the tricuspid valve. As you look at the tricuspid valve, you can see that it is the doorway that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. This valve opens to allow the de-oxygenated blood from the right atrium to flow to the right ventricle. So, let’s increase our speed so we can make it into the right ventricle before the tricuspid valve closes! Hold on tight! Ok my fellow passengers we have now made it into the right ventricle. If you look ahead, the pulmonary valve is closed so that the right ventricle can fill up with blood. So this part of the journey may get a little rough. Now that the ventricle is full of blood, you can see that the right ventricle is starting to contract. Since the right ventricle has contracted the tricuspid valve is closing and the pulmonary valve is opening up. So, let’s move to the pulmonary artery now! As you continue to look ahead and think back on where we have traveled from, you can see that the right pulmonary artery is the blood vessel that transports de-oxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the right lung. We are moving through the pulmonary artery. Now we have reached the end of the pulmonary artery and have reached our destination to the lower lobe of the right lung. Since there is a bacterium invading the lower lobe of the right lung, I will now ask that everyone stays in their seats and make sure your safety belts are fastened because we may experience some turbulence. Thank You! If you look to your right, you can see that the bacterium is trying to invade the lung. You can see the three lobes of the right lung, but at the moment the bacteria seems to be focused on the lower lobe. As you can see the female’s immune system is kicking in and leukocytes are starting to show up on the scene. The leukocytes are beginning to perform nonspecific immunity. Nonspecific immunity is the body’s first line of defense against invading bacterium. As you can see with this immunity the body attacks the bacterium head on to try and kill it. With specific immunity you can see that those leukocytes attack certain bacterium. In this case the body is using nonspecific immunity to kill the bacterium. The leukocytes are engulfing the bacterium and killing them directly. Now that the leukocytes have killed all the bacteria, the â€Å"Battle of the Lung is over. † We will now proceed to leave the body through the nose and end our journey. We are now crossing the alveoli membrane. The alveoli membranes are the respiratory surfaces of the lungs. I need all passengers to pay close attention because we are going to speed up just a little bit because we don’t have much time before the submarine returns to its normal size. Now that we are leaving the alveoli membrane we are now entering the bronchioles. If you look around, the bronchioles are small bronchial tubes that send air to the alveoli. We are now experiencing some major turbulence from the wind gusts so make sure you stay in your seats. Now we will be entering the trachea through the right bronchial tube. If you look around you can see that the trachea is shaped like a pipe and is also known as the windpipe of the body. As we leave the trachea, we are now entering the larynx. The larynx is the voice box where air is directed to the trachea. If you look to your right you can see the vocal cords that we use when speaking. Now we are entering the pharynx, which is also known as the throat. Hold on tight because we will now be leaving the pharynx and exiting the body through the nose. We will also experience some turbulence when exiting through the nose because as you can see, there are long hairs all around that prevent the body from acquiring infections from particles that try to enter the nose. We are now exiting the nose. Thank you for your time and consideration, we will now be returning to normal size.  Now you may gather all of your belongings and exit the front of the submarine. Thank you and have a great day!

Bilingual children Essays

Bilingual children Essays Bilingual children Essay Bilingual children Essay Results of the study will help educators find the best way to teach mathematics in which bilingual children will be able to understand and apply outside the classroom. In general, results of the study will help in finding the best way to teach children who are limited English proficient in such a way that these children can understand and apply the lessons with other activities. Moreover, the study will help teachers train their students with confidence. In Chapter 2, a review of literature is provided. In this chapter, the definition of bilingualism is discussed. Researches undertaken on bilingual children’s cognitive development are provided. Then bilingual education is defined according to literature. Historical background on the evolution of bilingual education (1800s-1900s) is also provided. The author also discusses emotional, linguistic and academic issues bilingual education is concerned with. Mathematics education is also discussed in this chapter. Theories applied in mathematics teaching are discussed. Problem solving is given importance in the discussion on mathematics education. Cognitive background information on addition, subtraction multiplication and division is also given which provides as basis for the word problems given to the participants of the study. Finally, in this chapter, researches done involving mathematics and bilingualism are provided. Chapter 3 provides the theoretical framework used in the study. The first part discusses Pask’s Conversation Theory and the second part discussed Landa’s Algo-Heuristic Theory. Chapter 4 provides the methodology used for obtaining the results needed. This section explains the research design the study used. Sample, sample setting, procedure and data collection and analysis are discussed. The sample and sample setting for the study is discussed in the first part. In the second part, the author explained the procedures done from the pre-assessment stage to the classroom setting to the final assessment stage. The third part discussed how the data was collected and analyzed. In Chapter 5, results obtained from the experiment are discussed. The students’ scores obtained in the pre-assessment, addition and subtraction, multiplication and division, and final assessment examinations are shown in the first part. In the second part, results from the interview are discussed. Finally, Chapter 6 concludes the paper. The first part summarized the main findings discussed in Chapter 5. The second part gives recommendations for the teachers on how to teach mathematics for understanding to bilingual students. The third part provides limitations for the study as well as recommendations for future researches that can be carried on from this study. Bilingualism has no clear-cut definition yet but Shenker (no date) provided a definition in terms of young children. According to Shenker (no date), bilingual children are â€Å"are those†¦ who speak/have been spoken to in two (or more) languages in the home since birth and who are spoken to in only one or both of those two languages at school. † (Shenker, no date). These children may also be spoken in one language at home but acquired (or is exposed to) a second-language when they start attending school. Bilingual children were perceived to have less advantageous situations than monolingual children. This perception was radically changed in 1962 by Peal and Lambert. Peal and Lambert (1962) conducted a research regarding the premise that bilingualism causes retardation. Their study reached the conclusion that experiences from two cultures provide bilingual children with greater benefits than that experienced by monolinguals such as increased mental dexterity and superior ability to think abstractly (Peal Lambert, 1962). Other researches prove that bilingual children have superior performances than their monolingual counterparts. Researches show an association between bilingualism and greater cognitive flexibility and awareness of language (Cummins Culutsan, 1974; Diaz, 1983; Hakuta Diaz, 1984). Moreover, bilingual children were proven to have more effective controlled processes. Although their study was conducted among adults only, they generally concluded â€Å"that controlled processing is carried out more effectively by bilinguals and that bilingualism helps to offset age-related losses in certain executive processes† (Bialystok, Klein, Craik, Viswanathan, 2004).

Prison diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Prison diversity - Research Paper Example The two statistics that were conducted in 2003 and 2012 tells us a terrible tale of how racial oppression still exists in US. Despite the country having a African American president and black attorney general racial oppression still exist thus African men being jailed for petty incidences. Despite the efforts of activist like Martin Luther king, fighting racial oppression in the US still exists, and fighting for their rights seems to be rising now and then. Segregation exists in the United States, black and white scholars do not receive equal schooling fund but they are unequally shared indicating that racism is still being practiced in the education sector. African American The black American men are usually convicted for drug cases and the trends shows that though the number of African American is not so high they are about 52 percent if one compare between them Hispanic and white men. The white males are about 34 percent thus showing the racial oppression in most of American state s (Criminal Justice Sheet, 2013). Inequality still exist since drug cases in women are about 41 percent for female black American comparing with 24 percent of white female. For example, William Barnes who is an African American has been convicted for motor vehicle theft and Jones who is a citizen of America by birth was convicted for the same crime but the judge who presided over the their case was a white by the name Marvin Frankel. Jones who is a white and worked in a restaurant was sentenced to 6 months in jail comparing with William who was sentenced for 2 years in prison. This is a clear indication that it was not fair since the victims were convicted for the same thing and yet a different jail term. Racialism is still being practiced in court of laws oppressing the African American. Due to such kind of ruling, it is evident that one in three black males who are born in United States is expected to go to prison compared with one in every six Hispanic men and one white out of 17 who are likely to be incarcerated (Marc 1999). The issue of ethnicity is highly considered in US since if one is white or Hispanic is likely to be charged less stiffly comparing with the black American men. United Nation human rights activist has indicated that America is violating the international agreements in civil and political rights of African people thus need to review the agreement again. United nation human right committee have indicated that racial disparity in United States is in the criminal justice system and starts from arrest to trial and lastly to sentencing. The lawyers or the defendants are disadvantaged thus if an African is having one defendant, then a white is having two who are not approved by a public court. Hispanic men Latino male’s still face stiff sentence especially if they are not employed comparing with other offenders who are white men. Black and Latino defendants are mostly disadvantaged compared to white defendants when it comes to regal pro cesses. For example, when a lawyer defends black or Hispanic men they are more disadvantaged and even the case is not fairly listened comparing to a case where a white man is involved. Latino defendants are punished more severely compared to white defendants for crimes like drug and property crimes. This shows how race and inequality is practiced by

Economics and Business of Insurance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Economics and Business of Insurance - Assignment Example The minimum wage law formulated by the government in London sets the wage above that dictated by market forces. This results in employers hiring few labourers than what they would have employed without the prefixed minimum wage. Examples abound in hotels, restaurants and catering outlets marked by high number of vacancies (Munday 60). Another point that has been identified by Toporowski is that the city politics in U.K. has often led to inefficient resource allocation, thereby resulting in a sub-optimal path of capital accumulation and industrial development (Toporowski 143). According to Economic and Research Council Report 2004-2005, productivity performance of U.K. is not very impressive. U.K. has been haunted by productivity gap for a long time, compared to other countries of the European Union. A number of reasons have been upheld by the Council, which are considered as probable reasons for this less productive nature. They are investment and innovation failure; poor labour relations; over-regulation of business; and lack of entrepreneurship. These factors have kept productivity of the labour low; which in turn has adversely impacted growth of the nation. The problem of productivity gap can be divided into three stages of time; the first phase occurred in 1945, the second in 1973 and the final one in 1990s. This productivity gap exists in the present scenario. The comparison with other European Nations had revealed that in countries like, France and Germany, the capital invested per worker is higher than in U.K. The labourers in these countries also possess higher level of skills compared to U.K. The works of Stephen Broadberry and Mary O’Mahony suggest that long-run stable investments in physical and human capital are necessary for productivity growth. Labour productivity can be hugely boosted if these areas are worked on properly. This report also highlights a host of factors that can contribute to

Marxist and Funtionalist Perspectives on Inequality of Educational Essay

Marxist and Funtionalist Perspectives on Inequality of Educational Achievement Due to Social Class - Essay Example At the least, the democratic socialist countries would be expected to have achieved greater educational equality among citizens of distinct class backgrounds. It was found that the Soviet Union has not achieved educational equality to a noticeable extent, based on its characterization as a state capitalist country, deeply divided by class distinctions, and with the state bureaucracy at its core (Liston, 1988). Ramirez (2006) argues that cross-nationally, family background is clearly related to academic achievement; however, there is extensive cross-national variation in the correlation between achievement and aspirations. According to Ream and Palardy (2008), ‘social capital’ forms one of the components of social class which includes material and human capital. The researchers examined how parental social networks divided by class increase educational inequality among school children. Further, the authors used survey data to determine whether â€Å"certain forms of pare ntal social capital create educational advantages for socioeconomically privileged students vis-a-vis their less economically fortunate peers† (Ream and Palardy, 2008, p.238). Distinguishing between the availability of social capital and its convertibility, while greater extents of parental social capital was found to be concurrent with higher rungs in the social class ladder; the utility value of social capital for education was not clearly related to class status. A possible exception to this tendency could be the collective influence of middle-class parents’ ideas on beneficially changing school policies and practices. It is important to investigate whether the economic and sociological reasons for inequality can promote â€Å"educationally useful... As the paper stresses distinguishing between the availability of social capital and its convertibility, while greater extents of parental social capital was found to be concurrent with higher rungs in the social class ladder; the utility value of social capital for education was not clearly related to class status. A possible exception to this tendency could be the collective influence of middle-class parents’ ideas on beneficially changing school policies and practices. It is important to investigate whether the economic and sociological reasons for inequality can promote â€Å"educationally useful social exchange among parents across social boundaries†. This discussion explores that social justice and equity in connection with higher education is an important area of research towards policy formulation. These concepts help to create a more impartial, courteous, and just society for everyone. This conceptualization focuses on society as a whole; however â€Å"higher education research literature looks inward towards higher education itself†. In the social composition of higher education’s staff and student populations, it is found that equity and social justice agendas are imported from the wider society. This approach considers the rules of the competition as unfair if particular social groups are excluded or placed in a disadvantageous position in the competition for higher education. Functionalism is characterised as a set of three interrelatedd theses about the social world.

Defining Success in Project Management

Defining Success in Project Management EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The report focuses upon the constituents of project success and provides key recommendations to enhance the company’s policy manual and understanding. The constituents are: Timescale Cost Quality Health and Safety Legacy Case studies examining projects which are established as being excessively flawed in one or more area feature: The Boston ‘big dig’, USA (timescale, cost, quality, safety) Qatar 2022 World Cup (safety, legacy, quality) Sydney Opera House (timescale, cost) In contrast, the London 2012 Olympic project is regarded as a major success. This expansive project was delivered safely on time, on budget and boasts a positive legacy. Failures common to the flawed projects are compared to the success of the Olympics. These company qualities constitute project management success: achieving ambitious performance targets developing partnerships Having a trained, integrated, experienced and motivated workforce placing value delivered over costs saved THE CONSTITUENTS OF SUCCESS Project management is a continuously evolving discipline. There is no golden formula to ensure perfect success (Smith, 2008). However, understanding gained through experience, investment in training and development of targets helps realise a project as successfully as possible. The constituents of success may be identified as: Timescale. A successful company adheres to defined objectives, plans effectively, anticipates problems and delivers a project to the client by an agreed deadline. Finance. This is not just about keeping costs low and within a defined budget, but about delivering the best value. Waste should be minimised and labour efficiency maximised. Margins are traditionally low in the industry (Egan, 1998): a successful company does not merely survive but makes a good enough profit to: Continue delivering the best value for clients and stakeholders Attract long term shareholders Invest in training, research and product development. Be honest and realistic about budgets Quality. There should be no building defects and through value management, client expectations should not only be met but exceeded. Through quality, a successful company retains and grows their client base and develops partnering arrangements. Partnerships with major clients reduce cost and timescales (Egan, 1998). Health and Safety. A successful project ensures a paucity of injuries and avoids fatalities. Legacy. A successful project leaves an appropriate, lasting imprint in the following ways: Political – promoting infrastructure and industry improvement. Economic – generating income for the area. Environmental – sustainability, adhering to low carbon construction. Cultural – benefitting all stakeholders. Technical – pushing the boundaries of achievement. Ideally succeeding on all levels, projects may instead succeed in one or more area but fail excessively in other areas. Three cases deemed overall failures are examined. FAILURE CASE STUDIES THE ‘BIG DIG’, BOSTON, USA Figure 1 The Big Dig or Central Artery/Tunnel Project (Geotimes, 2002) The ‘Big Dig’, launched in 1991, was the most expensive construction scheme in U.S. history designed to replace an outdated highway costing the economy $500 m/year (Silverman, 2015). The project was originally estimated at $2.6 billion due for completion in 1998 (National Academy of Engineering, 2003). However, delays pushed the project completion date to 2007 with cost overruns of $12.2 billion (Silverman, 2015). There were numerous reasons for the project delays: Tunnel leaks caused by lack of due diligence Program delays due to numerous revisions of the signature cable stayed bridge Change of management and communication issues Failure to manage client and stakeholder involvement Challenges of undertaking construction alongside daily public use Additionally, a tragedy occurred when ceiling panels in a tunnel collapsed, causing a fatality and resulting in extensive litigation for management. Federal investigation blamed inadequate materials and the projects escalating budget (LeBlanc, 2007). The excessive failures of the project led to extensive evaluation. Figure 2 shows the changing total project cost. Inflation contributed heavily approximately $6.5 billion. However, the true impact was difficult to assess due to the dynamic interplay of scope, schedule and construction costs. Mitigation costs were inadequately quantified (National Academy of Engineering, 2003). Figure 2 Cost History and Scope Evolution, in millions of dollars (Data from Edwards, 2002) 2022 WORLD CUP, QATAR Figure 3 Stadium construction site (Bhatia, 2014) The 2022 World Cup in Qatar is another prominent example of management failure. It remains to be seen whether the project will finish on time and on budget, although the figure reported by Deloitte is an excessive $200 billion USD (Figure 4) (Deloitte, 2013). However, regardless of final performance in these regards, the project will be remembered as an appalling failure in safe and responsible construction. Reports have emerged exposing unethical (and in some cases, illegal) practises on the part of contractors responsible for the various sites and developments. Despite the colossal spending involved in the project, the cost of construction work has been minimised through cheap migrant labour subjected to poor working conditions and minimal pay. Workers’ payslips reveal that some labourers were paid as little as  £4.90 a day, or 45p an hour. In other cases, pay has been withheld for up to one year (Booth and Pattison, 2014). Beyond financial exploitation, there has been disregard from contractors regarding safety on-site: controls are often lax and additionally, labourers are required to work in extreme temperatures for long hours. Both of these factors combined resulted in a reported death toll of over one per day for workers in 2014 (Gibson and Pattison, 2014). Figure 5 illustrates the death toll in comparison with equivalent sporting events. Figure 5 – Construction deaths in recent sporting events (London Loves Business, 2014) It should be noted that this performance can be attributed primarily to the contractors managing the projects – an international law firm’s report confirmed that â€Å"it appears clear to us that the legislation is in place to ensure migrant workers wages are paid and to preclude unauthorised deductions. It is, therefore, an issue of the proper monitoring and enforcement of such legislation.† The same conclusion was also expressed regarding worker safety considerations (DLA Piper, 2014). Regardless of deadlines or commercial performance, a key managerial role must be to ensure a safe, ethically run site. For this reason the construction of Qatar 2022 will always be considered a failure. 3.3 SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE Known globally as the symbol for Australia, Sydney Opera House is arguably one of the world’s most breath-taking structures, floating effortlessly atop the Sydney Harbour. However, the task of realising the project was far from effortless. Figure 6 Sydney Opera House (SOH) (Enochlau, 2006) In 1957, architect Jà ¸rn Utzon won the competition initiated by the New South Wales government for the building. Construction started in 1959 with Utzon as project manager. The first failure stemmed from biased judgement tending to architectural form rather than feasibility. The judging panel also failed to evaluate how much experience the competition entrants had with large-scale design projects. The incomplete, untested structural strategy proposed to achieve the complex roof design was the second failure; the project started without a full set of completed drawings (MIT, 2011). This was one of the first major projects to be designed using CAD software, thus imposing challenges in itself. Furthermore, there was no clear program, resulting in major design changes being made on a daily basis during construction. These changes included the demolition and reconstruction of parts of the structure and consequently the budget soared to an unprecedented level. Stakeholders began to get involved and demanded alterations be made for financial reasons. For example, the Australian Broadcasting Commission wanted the proposed larger opera hall to be converted to a concert hall because to increase revenue through larger audiences (MIT, 2011). Figure 7 SOH under construction (Martin, 2012) In 1966 Utzon resigned as project manager, taking the majority of the designs with him. The new management subsequently struggled to replicate them which had significant cost and program implications. The project took 14 years to complete, which was originally planned for 4 years. The total cost amounted to $102 million AUSD; the initial estimate was $7 million (Martin, 2012). The scale and complexity of the project was unprecedented and the original cost estimate was highly unrealistic. A SUCCESS STORY: LONDON OLYMPIC GAMES 2012 The London 2012 Olympics was undoubtedly a management success. This can be attributed to two key factors ambitious targets and foresight in planning. Figure 8 Queen Elizabeth 11 Olympic Park, London (Inhabitat, 2010) The Olympic Design Authority (ODA) had clearly defined targets concerning environment and sustainability, health safety and design legacy. PICTURE The ODA began planning the Olympic bid and brief well in advance of construction. They utilised the knowledge and experience of specialist government departments (e.g. Health and Safety Executive) concerning: The commissioning of studies to identify contractors with relevant experience Setting targets for each phase Monitoring and developing partnerships with contractors On site health and safety management (HSE involvement) Despite a multitude of challenges arising from the enormous scale, the project succeeded on many levels: Delivered on time final works completed in September 2011. Exemplary health and safety record – the plan was to set a new standard in construction, to research educate the industry to develop a health and safety conscious and proactive culture. This was achieved emphatically; there were no work related fatalities on the whole of the construction programme. Injury frequency rate as reported by the HSE per 100,000 hours worked was 0.16, well below the industry average of 0.55 (Bolt et al, 2012). Legacy – The project provided: re-use of world class sporting facilities, affordable housing to a now prime area, implementation of modern infrastructure and a massive urban regeneration programme. Cost The original cost of the games in its entirety was advertised at around the  £2.4 billion mark. This was revised to  £9.3 billion in 2007 (DCMS 2012). Despite being initially over budget, there was openness and transparency concerning financing. This resulted in a revised, realistic budget which delivered a successful venue for the games. COMMON FAILURES AND COMPARISON WITH SUCCESS Considering the constituents of success in section 2, table 5.1 compares common themes found within the failures to the success of London 2012. Table 5.1: Comparing common failure themes with success. It is clear that a project may be deemed a success if the above criteria are achieved with the exception of sticking rigidly to an original budget. Ultimately, the British Government was correct in spending more to entirely achieve the other four criteria. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This report concludes that having control and command of the five areas outlined in sections 2 and 5 constitutes success. If a project is a technical success but fails on other levels, then it may be deemed an overall failure. Equally, saving money does not equate to success or delivering the best value for stakeholders and spending money does not guarantee safety. The policy manual should therefore state that the company: Establishes and adheres to a system of clear performance targets. Allowing evaluation of quality and performance. Pursues a culture of establishing partnering relationships with clients offering repeat business. Improving efficiency. Decreasing the need for tendering and contracts (Egan, 1998). Employs an integrated, trained, safe and motivated workforce. Sharing and pooling experience across disciplines. Working together on numerous projects. Avoiding fatalities and major injuries. Considers finance by value delivered rather than money saved. Exuding financial honesty and transparency. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bolt, H. Haslam, R. Gibb, A. Waterson, P., (2012). Pre-conditioning for success. Loughborough: HSE, (RR955). Booth, R., Pattison, P. 2014. Qatar World Cup stadium workers earn as little as 45p an hour [online]. Doha: The Guardian. Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/jul/29/qatar-world-cup-stadium-workers-earn-45p-hour [Accessed 21/02/15] Booth, R., Pattison, P. 2014. Qatar World Cup: migrants wait a year to be paid for building offices [online]. Doha: The Guardian. Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/jul/28/qatar-world-cup-migrants-not-paid-building-office [Accessed 21/02/15] Bust, P. (2011). Learning legacy. Loughborough: Loughborough University, (ODA 2011/269). Deloitte, 2013. Insight into the Qatar construction market and opportunities for real estate developers. Middle East: Deloitte Corporate Finance Limited. Department of Culture, Media and Sport. (2010). November London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic budget report published Anticipated final cost down  £29m. Gov Announcements Online. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/november-london-2012-olympic-and-paralympic-budget-report-published-anticipated-final-cost-down-29m2 [Accessed 25/02/2015 Department for Culture, Media and Sport, (2012). London 2012 Olympic And Paralympic Games – Quarterly Report. London: DCMS DLA Piper, 2014. Migrant labour in the construction sector in the state of Qatar. Qatar: DLA Piper UK LLP Egan, J.,The Construction Task Force. Rethinking Construction. 1998. [online]. Available from: URLhttp://www.constructingexcellence.org.uk/pdf/rethinking%20construction/rethinking_construction_report.pdf [Accessed 16 February 2015]. Egan, J.,The Strategic Forum for Construction. Accelerating Change. ISBN 1 898671 28 1. Rethinking Construction, Construction Industry Council. ENOCHLAU. (2006) Sydney Opera House Sails. [Online]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sydney_Opera_House_Sails.jpg#filehistory . Wikipedia. [Accessed on: 26th February 2015]. Gibson, O., Pattison, P. 2014. Death toll among Qatar’s 2022 World Cup workers revealed [online]. Kathmandu: The Guardian. Available from: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/dec/23/qatar-nepal-workers-world-cup-2022-death-toll-doha [Accessed 21/02/15] IRVINE, J. (2013) Why Sydneys Opera House was the worlds biggest planning disaster. [Online]. Available from: http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/why-sydneys-opera-house-was-the-worlds-biggest-planning-disaster/story-e6freon6-1226744769556 . [Accessed on: 26th February 2015]. LeBlanc, Steve., 2007. On Dec. 31, It’s Official: Boston’s Big Dig Will Be Done [online]. Available from: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/25/AR2007122500600_3.html [Accessed 13 February 2015]. MARTIN, C. G. O. (2012) The Sidney Opera House construction: A case of project management failure. [Online]. Available from: http://www.eoi.es/blogs/cristinagarcia-ochoa/2012/01/14/the-sidney-opera-house-construction-a-case-of-project-management-failure/ . [Accessed on: 26th February 2015]. MIT. (2011) Project Evaluation. [Online]. Available from: file:///C:/Users/staples/Documents/Bath%20University/3rd%20Year/Semester%202/Management%202/The%20Sydney%20Opera%20House.pdf . [Accessed on: 26th February 2015]. National Research Council Committee for Review of the Project Management Practices Employed on the Boston Central Artery/Tunnel (Big Dig) Project, National Research Council, National Academy of Engineering., 2003. Completing the â€Å"Big Dig: managing the final stages of Boston’s central artery/tunnel project. National Academies Press, 2003, pp, 1,3,7,8,10,12,14,17. Silverman, Jacob., 10 Construction Projects That Broke the Bank [online]. Available from: http://science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/structural/10-construction-projects.htm#page=9 [Accessed 13 February 2015] Smith, N.J., 2008. Engineering Project Management. ISBN: 978-1-4051-6802-1. Blackwell Publishing, Third Edition. http://www.geotimes.org/oct02/bostonsandgravel.jpg (Source: W.Edwards, â€Å"Project History,† Presentation to the Committee on October 21, 2002) Qatar World Cup preparation expected to invite deals worth $150bn Bhatia, N. 2014. http://www.bigprojectme.com/news/qatar-world-cup-preparation-expected-to-invite-deals-worth-150bn/ http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/data-mine/2014/06/24/world-cup-price-tag-multiplies-with-time http://www.londonlovesbusiness.com/business-news/london-2012-olympics/this-graph-shows-the-sickening-extent-of-the-qatar-world-cup-deaths/8120.article Vinter, R Image Available http://assets.inhabitat.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2010/10/ukolympic-ed01.jpg

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein - The Individual and Society Essay

Frankenstein: The Individual and Society      Ã‚  Ã‚   The creature's ambiguous humanity has long puzzled readers of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. In this essay I will focus on how Frankenstein can be used to explore two philosophical topics, social contract theory, and gender roles, in light of ideas from Shelley's two philosophical parents, William Godwin, and Mary Wollstonecraft.    What Does it Mean to be Human? Individual and Society    One historically important tradition in social and political philosophy is called "Social Contract Theory." It gives a way of thinking about what it means to be human, raising fundamental questions such as: what is human nature, in itself, apart from society? Are people fundamentally equal, and if so, why, in what ways? What justifies governmental authority? In what sense are people free and independent if their lives are ruled by laws and governmental authorities?    Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), and John Locke (1632-1704), were English philosophers who approached these questions by hypothesizing a "state of nature." Try to imagine what a person would be like if he or she lived outside of any governed society. Hobbes thought that people would be isolated, desperately afraid of harm from others. Life would be, in Hobbes' memorable phrase, "poore, solitary, nasty, brutish and short." Locke wasn't quite so pessimistic. He thought that in the state of nature, people would be fairly sociable, and would establish private property and trade. Both Hobbes and Locke thought that insecurity in the state of nature would lead people to join together and give to a governmental authority the right to make laws and punish offenders. Hence, for them, government is based on a "social contrac... ...manly virtues are, in fact, weaknesses. Wollstonecraft insists, "The most perfect education, in my opinion, is such an exercise of the understanding as is best calculated to strengthen the body and form the heart....It is a farce to call any being virtuous whose virtues do not result from the exercise of its own reason" (103). When women are socialized to be feminine, when their reasoning powers are not developed, and when they have no option but to be economically dependent on men, their characters will become perverted, and they will become servile or manipulative.    Works Cited: Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Emile. 1762. translated by William Boyd, New York: Columbia University, 1956. Shelley, Mary. 1818. Frankenstein. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1996. Wollstonecraft, Mary. 1792. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. New York: Penguin Books, 1992.

Harry Potter- Moral and Social Lessons

Essay Draft- Discuss how the novel Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone by J. K. Rowling teaches us important moral and social lessons. Novels aren’t just a source of entertainment, they also contain important social and moral lessons. This can be seen in the novel Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone by J. K Rowling through the journey of Harry Potter and his friends in their first year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.During this time they have to work together to defeat Voldemort, a gifted ex-student who tried to kill Harry when he was a baby, and Professor Quirrell, an easily manipulated current teacher, who are working with the dark side to obtain the Philosophers Stone and protect the school from evil. In their quest to protect themselves and their school they face many challenges, which test their ethics. The text transports readers to the magical world of Hogwarts while teaching them many moral and social lessons that help equip them with tools that help them live well and respectfully.Some of the lessons in Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone are you need a little power and responsibility, the significance of love and the importance of friendship. Everyone needs a bit of power and responsibility, however sometimes people’s power and responsibility get to their head and it turns into a bad thing. In Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone Harry has a lot of power because of his fame but he is very humble about it and doesn’t think of it as a big deal, â€Å"’Blimey,’ said the other twin. â€Å"Are you-? ’ ‘He is,’ said the first twin. ‘Aren’t you? ’ he added to Harry. What? ’ said Harry. ‘Harry Potter’ chorused the twins. ‘Oh, him,’ said Harry. ‘I mean, yes, I am’† Harry also has a lot of responsibility because he is the only one that can save the Philosophers Stone however even the burden and responsibi lity of his task he manages to keep a level head and stays calm. The power does not change/define who he is, â€Å"’If anything happens to me, don’t follow. Go straight to the owlery and send Hedwig to Dumbledore, right? ’† This teaches readers an important moral lesson about how good power and responsibility can be if in the right hands.Everyone has a need and a desire to be loved. In the text Harry has a want to be loved because he comes from a miserable life where his aunty and uncle didn’t really care about him and his cousin was horrible. His biggest desire in the world is to have a real family, â€Å"’It shows us nothing more or less than the deepest, most desperate desire of our hearts. You, who have never known your family, see them standing around you. ’† Harry also has a ‘force field’ around him because of how his mother died for him, the love she had for him will always protect him from harm, â€Å"â₠¬â„¢Your mother died to save you.If there is one thing Voldemort cannot understand, it is love. He didn’t realize that love as powerful as your mother’s for you leaves its own mark. Not a scar, no visible sign†¦ to have been loved so deeply, even though the person who loved us is gone, will give us some protection forever. It is in your very skin. Quirrell, full of hatred and, greed and ambition, sharing his soul with Voldemort, could not touch you for this reason. It was agony to touch a person marked by something so good. ’† Knowing the importance of love is a useful social lesson that the text teaches readers.Lastly, the book Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone teaches readers about the importance of friendship. Before Harry went to Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, he had no friends and was nervous about attending the school. Once he arrives he bonds with Ron and Hermione over their shared fear because of the high expectations laid u pon them. But without Hermione and Ron Harry would never have been able to retrieve the Philosophers Stone, Hermione’s brain saves them when they are stuck in the Devil’s Snare, â€Å"’Devil’s Snare, Devil’s Snare†¦ What did Professor Sprout say?It likes the dark and the damp-‘† Also without Ron’s knowledge of chess they wouldn’t have been able to pass the giant chess set and because of their friendship Ron sacrificed himself to protect his friends so they could continue on their journey to obtain the Philosophers Stone. â€Å"’That’s chess! ’ snapped Ron. ‘Ron you’ve got to make sacrifices! I’ll make my move and she’ll take me – that leaves you free to checkmate the king, Harry! ’† Friendship is a crucial part of our society with social contact we would not be truly happy, the book teaches us this important social lesson.The novel Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone by J. K. Rowling is an adventure packed fantasy novel, but it still teaches its teachers social and moral lessons. In this text it portrays the importance of friendship, the need for love and a little rebellion is sometimes ok. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. I need to add another sentence in here†¦ Nutshell Statement maybe†¦ The fantasy novel Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone by J. K. Rowling is the story of young Harry Potter who one morning in his pretty miserable life discovers he is a wizard†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ * Power and responsibility * A little rebellion is sometimes necessary The importance of friendship Page of quotes Paragraph 1 Power and Responsibility â€Å"’Blimey,’ said the other twin. â€Å"Are you-? ’ ‘He is,’ said the first twin. ‘Aren’t you? ’ he added to Harry. ‘What? ’ said Harry. ‘Harry Potter’ chorused the twins. ‘Oh, him,’ said Harry. ‘I mea n, yes, I am’† â€Å"’If anything happens to me, don’t follow. Go straight to the owlery and send Hedwig to Dumbledore, right? ’† Paragraph 2 The significance of love â€Å"’It shows us nothing more or less than the deepest, most desperate desire of our hearts. You, who have never known your family, see them standing around you. † â€Å"’Your mother died to save you. If there is one thing Voldemort cannot understand, it is love. He didn’t realize that love as powerful as your mother’s for you leaves its own mark. Not a scar, no visible sign†¦ to have been loved so deeply, even though the person who loved us is gone, will give us some protection forever. It is in your very skin. Quirrell, full of hatred and, greed and ambition, sharing his soul with Voldemort, could not touch you for this reason. It was agony to touch a person marked by something so good. ’† Paragraph 3 The importance of Lo ve

Garden State Equality vs. Dow Essay Example

Garden State Equality vs. Dow Essay Example Garden State Equality vs. Dow Essay Garden State Equality vs. Dow Essay Garden State Equality vs. Dow A challenging dispute of minds As the case of Garden State Equality vs. Dow unravels into the Supreme Court hearings, there will be an indefinite vvariety of opinions and disputes of minds. There is room for controversy and disputes will arise. There are miss-interpretations and quotes that government officials and citizens against civil union rights have expressed and demonstrated about same-sex couples and their right to marry. This is an example of an interpretation given to describe differences in marital elationships by one of the Opinions of the Justices to the Senate, 440 Mass. t 1207, it states, The dissimilitude between the terms civil mmarriage and civil union is not innocuous; it is a considered choice of language that reflects a demonstrable assigning of same-sex, largely homosexual, couples to second-class status. Although it may seem that the federal laws have acknowledged and enacted the law that would give equal rights to every citizen, who in fact, shares an interest in having a mmarriage legitimized, has only shown that recognition is vague and is still insufficient n its standing. There is still skepticism from opinions that range in a form of discrimination because neglect is present. : Their demand to be able to enjoy the benefits and recognition of being married are irrelevant showing an effect on the family as a whole. Because it is so controversial it gives way to confusion in establishing the fact, that it is indeed a mmarriage that same-sex couples share with one another. In my opinion they have put same-sex couples as second class status and deemed there is little room to recognize their form of long term relationship. Same-sex couples have been denied the benefits that heterosexual couples are given. The mode of acceptance in society has not improved, even though there are indications that this change in opinion, will prove to be beneficial for all society today. Repetition of inequality of rights through past history has shown its devastations of cruelty on society or have we forgotten this occurrence? I feel that the law has to be more flexible in adapting to the changing times that we face today. As technology increases, it changes the way society has implemented the law, there should be xpansive ways to approach the difference of opinion and way of lifestyle to accommodate every citizen to have equal rights and freedom of choice. We will need to move forward and face the many challenges that are present in these changing times, in doing so we also have to demand that the law adjusts to the ever changing viewpoints and situations that are present and ones that will surface in the future. As citizens we have a responsibility to the victims who are treated unfairly and cannot achieve the pursuit of happiness promised by our forefathers and the Constitution of the United States of America. I say keep up the fight and never give up, until it is attainable. We simply need great leaders to represent the needs afflicting each individual, who is not given their right to be equal or have freedom of choice. Success is only achieved by finding the mearns of understanding and great approach will serve as a tool to find a solution that will be accepted and implemented in our daily lives to give every citizen the freedom to live in a society that is free of preJu01ce Trom lnJustlce. Written by: Ms. Graciela Montoya

Jacob Lawrence Biography

Jacob Lawrence Biography The Basics: History Painter is an appropriate title, although Jacob Lawrence himself preferred Expressionist, and he was certainly best-qualified to describe his own work. Lawrence is one of the best known 20th-century African-American painters, along with Romare Bearden. While Lawrence is often associated with the Harlem Renaissance, its not accurate. He began studying art half a decade after the Great Depression terminated the heyday of that movement. It can be argued, though, that the Harlem Renaissance brought into being the schools, teachers and artist-mentors from whom Lawrence later learned. Early Life: Lawrence was born on September 7, 1917 in Atlantic City, New Jersey.After a childhood marked by a series of moves, and the separation of his parents, Jacob Lawrence, his mother and two younger siblings settled in Harlem when he was 12. It was there that he discovered drawing and painting (on discarded cardboard boxes), while attending an after-school program at Utopia Childrens Center. He kept up painting when he could, but was forced to drop out of school to help support the family after his mother lost her job during the Great Depression. His Art: Luck (and the persistent help of sculptor Augusta Savage) intervened to procure Lawrence an easel job as a part of the W.P.A. (Works Progress Administration). He loved art, reading and history. His quiet determination to show that African Americans, too, were a major factor in the history of the Western hemisphere despite their conspicuous absence in art and literature led him to embark on his first important series, The Life of Toussaint LOuverture. 1941 was a banner year for Jacob Lawrence: he broke the color barrier when his seminal, 60-panel The Migration of the Negro was exhibited at the prestigious Downtown Gallery, and also married fellow painter Gwendolyn Knight. He served in the U.S. Coast Guard during WWII and returned to his career as an artist. He landed a temporary job teaching at Black Mountain College (in 1947) at the invitation of Josef Albers who became both an influencer and friend. Lawrence spent the rest of his life painting, teaching and writing. He is best known for his representational compositions, full of simplified shapes, and bold colors and his use of watercolor and gouache. Unlike nearly any other modern or contemporary artist, he always worked in series of paintings, each with a distinct theme. His influence, as the visual artist who told stories of the dignity, hopes and struggles of African Americans in American history, is incalculable. Lawrence died on June 9, 2000 in Seattle, Washington. Important Works: Toussaint LOuverture (series), 1937-38 Harriet Tubman (series), 1938-39 Frederick Douglass (series), 1939-40 The Migration of the Negro (series), 1941 John Brown (series), 1941-42 Famous Quotes: I would describe my work as expressionist. The expressionist point of view is stressing your own feelings about something.  My belief is that it is most important for an artist to develop an approach and philosophy about life - if he has developed this philosophy, he does not put paint on canvas, he puts himself on canvas. If at times my productions do not express the conventionally beautiful, there is always an effort to express the universal beauty of mans continuous struggle to lift his social position and to add dimension to his spiritual being.When the subject is strong, simplicity is the only way to treat it. Sources and Further Reading: Falconer, Morgan. Lawrence, Jacob Grove Art Online. Oxford University Press, 20 August 2005. Read a review of Grove Art Online.Lawrence, Jacob. Harriet and the Promised Land. New York : Aladdin Publishing, 1997 (reprint ed.). (Reading level: Ages 4-8) This wonderfully illustrated book, along with The Great Migration (below), are excellent means with which to introduce budding art enthusiasts to Jacob Lawrence.Lawrence, Jacob. The Great Migration. New York : Harper Trophy, 1995. (Reading level: Ages 9-12)Nesbett, Peter T. (ed.). Complete Jacob Lawrence. Seattle : University of Washington Press, 2000.Nesbett, Peter T. (ed.). Over the Line: The Art and Life of Jacob Lawrence.Seattle : University of Washington Press, 2000. Films Worth Watching: Jacob Lawrence: An Intimate Portrait (1993)Jacob Lawrence:The Glory of Expression (1994) Names beginning with L or Artist Profiles: Main Index. .

Argument paper Choose from Supplied List Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Argument paper Choose from Supplied List - Essay Example There have been a number of studies that proved how continuous exposure to advertising leads children to buy products they see on ads which are dominated by soda and chips (Hastings et al., 2003; IOM, 2006; Story & French, 2004). There have also been several quantitative studies that assess how heavier media spend equates to higher purchase of food being advertise which also results to increase of diseases and obesity among children (IOM, 2006; Hastings et al., 2003). This alarming rise of obesity and diabetes on children and the relentless power of food companies to convince children to unhealthy food choices are the strongest reason for schools to take a more active part in giving proper nutrition to children. Parents are unable to supervise their children when in school. That is a total of six to seven hours of unmonitored time (Berg & Debroff, 2005). The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recently released a study (Joelving, 2011) stating that everyone must help in this epidemi c including the public schools. However, even the public schools that are supposed to be supporting health initiatives are not doing enough to traffic the bad influences that children have when it comes to nutrition. This paper intends to understand the need for public schools to stop offering soda and junk foods in school cafeteria and the challenges that school may face in implementing such a policy. Junk Food in Public School Cafeteria The Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004 required each local education agency that participates in the National School Lunch Program or other child nutrition program to offer USDA approved meals. This means that public schools are required to offer nutritious food in their cafeterias but 43 percent of participating schools are unable to implement this policy (RWJF, 2009) because of several factors including: Lack of personnel to cook healthy food Lack of cafeteria equipment Lack of time to devote to planning and buying supplies Unfor tunately they also offer Foods of Minimal Nutritional Value or FMNV. FMNV is actually a fancy word for junk food. According to USDA, FMNV are artificially sweetened foods and foods that gives less than the 5% of the Reference Daily Intake for each of the eight specified nutrients such as protein, Vitamin A & C, niacin, riboflavin, thiamine, calcium and iron (Molnar et al, 2006). It also doesn’t help that kids can get junk food and soda from the vending machine in every turn. One study about the â€Å"competitive foods â€Å"in Philadelphia showed that the top selling food in the school cafeteria are hamburgers, pizza, cookies, French fries, carbonated drinks, candy bars and of course chocolate (Probart et al, 2005). A report on the CDC website indicated that, from 2004 to 2006, the median percentage of secondary schools across states allowing students to purchase chocolate candy and salty snacks that are not low in fat decreased. It’s an Economic Concern Providing fr ee luch to students that below on low income families is not cheap (Probart et al, 2005): $.89 - $.97 per child for breakfast $1.54 - $2.28 per child for lunch Of this, each school is reimbursed only half of what they spen

Extended Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Extended Education - Research Paper Example This essay declares that the US president backs this suggestion with an argument that the system is not just aiming to curb unemployment but give the US population a good stepping-stone into the future. For this reason, this kind of education aims at providing the learners with skills and opportunities that they would not have achieved by 12th grade as well as providing them with measurable differentiated skills. This paper makes a conclusion that US is currently facing financial crisis and setting up a further a compulsory 2 years learning system requires a lot of financial assistance that may add to the list of the already suffering financial status of the country. Indeed according to CIA fact book and National Bureau of Economic Research the current US deficit stood at $487.2 billion by 2012. Compared to the rest of the countries in the world, the US deficit is the highest in the world. This figure indicates that the country is importing more goods and services than its exporting. The country is also in high debts from foreign countries and has a higher consumer debt. If this situation continues, the value of its currency depreciates and investors will not be willing to invest into a country that is facing such huge financial crisis. The increasing numbers of online degrees and masters courses pose a greater challenge to the extended education. This is because most of the online institutio ns are easily accessible, efficient, and cheaper in comparison to community colleges that will require an individual’s attendance. ... In addition to this, there will be need to train more teachers, experts, and technicians who will be required to offer their services to the community colleges (Jeff Zeleny). With the differences in different States around US there is likely to be a gap in this institutions based on the kind of resources and technology the State has. The difference resources in terms of technology are also likely to create a disparity in terms of professionalism. The increasing numbers of online degrees and masters courses pose a greater challenge to the extended education. This is because most of the online institutions are easily accessible, efficient, and cheaper in comparison to community colleges that will require an individual’s attendance. For this reason, I suggest that learners engage in higher institutions like universities and involve in further education and training rather than wasting 2 precious years in community college. This is likely to affect negatively on the labor market, as qualified labor will have to stay for two years before employment. The policy makers have failed to address how to close the gap that will be left when these institutions begin doing the system. Rising tuition costs especially for higher education is creating a challenge to the implementation of the extended education. Most of the community colleges are experiencing institutional funding shortfalls while the declining state of the quality of higher education is also adding to the challenges of rolling extended education. Extended education is not likely to contribute to increasingly competitive economy that requires proper education and skills of its workers. For this reason, there is need for students or the